Significance of the Copernican Principle

The Copernican principle (in its classical form) is the principle that the Earth does not rest in a privileged or special physical position in the universe. Specifically, it derives from the claim of Nicolaus Copernicus that the Earth was not stationary, when he proposed the heliocentric model of the solar system. This had such significant implications that Copernicus himself delayed publishing the results until the end of his life, out of fear of the sort of religious backlash suffered by Galileo Galilei. Significance of the Copernican Principle This may not sound like a particularly important principle, but its actually vital to the history of science, because it represents a fundamental philosophical change in how intellectuals dealt with humanitys role in the universe ... at least in scientific terms. What this basically means is that in science, you shouldnt assume that humans have a fundamentally privileged position within the universe. For example, in astronomy this generally means that all large regions of the universe should be pretty much identical to each others. (Obviously, there are some local differences, but these are just statistical variations, not fundamental differences in what the universe is like in those different places.) However, this principle has been expanded over the years into other areas. Biology has adopted a similar viewpoint, now recognizing that the physical processes which control (and formed) humanity must be basically identical to those that are at work in all other known lifeforms. This gradual transformation of the Copernican principle is well presented in this quote from The Grand Design by Stephen Hawking Leonard Mlodinow: Nicolaus Copernicus heliocentric model of the solar system is acknowledged as the first convincing scientific demonstration that we humans are not the focal point of the cosmos.... We now realize that Copernicus result is but one of a series of nested demotions overthrowing long-held assumptions regarding humanitys special status: were not located at the center of the solar system, were not located at the center of the galaxy, were not located at the center of the universe, were not even made of the dark ingredients constituting the vast majority of the universes mass. Such cosmic downgrading [...] exemplifies what scientists now call the Copernican principle: in the grand scheme of things, everything we know points toward human beings not occupying a privileged position. Copernican Principle versus Anthropic Principle In recent years, a new way of thinking has begun to question the central role of the Copernican principle. This approach, known as the anthropic principle, suggests that maybe we shouldnt be so hasty to demote ourselves. According to it, we should take into account the fact that we exist and that the laws of nature in our universe (or our portion of the universe, at least) have to be consistent with our own existence. At its core, this isnt fundamentally at odds with the Copernican principle. The anthropic principle, as generally interpreted, is more about a selection effect based on the fact that we do happen to exist, rather than a statement about our fundamental significance to the universe. (For that, see the participatory anthropic principle, or PAP.) The degree to which the anthropic principle is useful or necessary in physics is a hotly debated topic, particularly as it relates to the notion of a supposed fine-tuning problem within the physical parameters of the universe.

Comparing the Blues in Hughes The Blues Im Playing and...

The Blues: in Hughes The Blues Im Playing and Baldwins Sonnys Bluesnbsp;nbsp; In Langston Hughes The Blues Im Playing, the blues are the source of Oceolas life and her choices. Langston is trying to illustrate the conflict between life and art. The art in this story is represented in a confined manner, as a disciplined career with a white woman acting as the overseer in the young ladys life. Art to Oceola, with its profit, convenience and privileges offers an array of benefits, but being embodied in Dora Ellsworth, the art seems to drift away from lifes vitality. Life in Oceola sings itself in jazz and blues in Harlem, ignores the artistic East 63rd Street and the rules by which are claims its superiority. There is a†¦show more content†¦Oceolas final words, sketched according to mood, race, and sex, explain what blues are. She says, Listen!... How sad and gay it is. Blue and happy-laughing and crying...How white like you and black like me... Warm as Petes mouth... These are the blues... Im playing. In James Baldwins Sonnys Blues he deals with a man trying to find his identity in a very hostile society. The blues in this story is used in a more emotional manner which recollects the past. It also repairs the relationship between the two brothers who have chosen two different ways of coping in their ghetto environment. The blues also serves as a communication devise between the two brothers. Baldwin uses the blues to state a fact; the ugliness and meanness inherent in the human condition. In order to really understand the message of the blues you have to be one that has suffered just like Sonny and the elder brother. The blues that they play also communicates to other sufferers who have had their own trials, so they know what this music is all about. Sonnys suffering are within himself, but deep suffering is common to all his listeners. Even his brother can attune himself to this suffering, which is brought on by the death of his little daughter Grace. When the brother is at the c lub listening to the blues he recalls his mother, the moonlit road on

Ancient Roman Government Notes free essay sample

The â€Å"common-people† assembly which helped give the citizens more political power Empire- A dominating nation with extensive territories and a powerful ruler Laws of the 12 Tables- Guidelines for citizen’s behavior; a list of Roman customs about property and punishment Mercenary- A soldier who is hired for service in a foreign country Patrician- Member of Rome’s richest and most important families who served on the Senate for life Plebeian- The common person or lower-class citizen Roman Senate- One of the two houses of the early Roman republic Republic- A country run by the elected representatives of its people Tribune- A leader within the Concillum Plebus In 500 B. C the Roman government was forming into a republic; in which the people have the freedom to vote for their leaders. There were two parts, or two houses, to the Roman Republic: the Citizen Assembly and the Senate. The elected officials headed the two councils and they served one-year terms. We will write a custom essay sample on Ancient Roman Government Notes or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The republic was established in 509B.C and lasted 500 years. Differences between the Greek and Roman governments: In Greece all men were allowed to vote In Rome only men with money/property could vote The Senate was the most powerful part of the government; all senators were patricians. To obtain political rights, the common people (Plebeians) formed their own assembly, the Concillum Plebus and named their leaders tribunes. Establishing peace and order gave Rome stability: Rome’s first code of law was established in 450B. C. On ten tablets, ten legal experts wrote down a list of Roman customs about property and punishment. However, due to plebeian pressure, two more tablets were added to satisfy them. The final code was called the Laws of the Twelve Tables. By the end of the third century Roman law covered issues dealing with foreigners and eventually covered magisterial law to strengthen and correct existing law. The Roman Empire took its first steps of dominance in 27B. C when the law’s development was taken over by the emperors, who added and revised freely. As the law got more complex, the government had to literally train jurists who could understand and interpret the laws. The stability of the law, the military, and financial standing of Rom kept it powerful. Rome successfully battled the Carthaginians, the Celtics(British), the Etruscans, and the Samnites. The Roman Empire was established around 27B. C. The empire spanned three continents. The empire was divided into states that were ruled by governors who collected taxes and sent money back to Rome.

Old Essays - Hawaiian Cuisine, Marlin, Sport Fish, Santiago

Old Man And The Sea By Hemmingway This part of the story has to do with Santiago against nature and the sea. In this part of the story, he goes out and fights nature in the form of terrible forces and dangerous creatures, among them, a marlin, sharks and hunger. He starts the story in a small skiff and moves out in a journey to capture a fish after a long losing streak of eighty-four days. Unfortunately his friend must desert him due to this problem and a greater force, his parents. Santiago must go out into the danger alone. For three harsh days and nights he fights a fish of enormous power. This is the second form of nature he must conquer. Earlier in the story, the first part of nature is himself, for which he must fight off his hunger. This is a harsh part of the story. He manages though to get a few bites in the form of flying fish and dolphin of which he would like to have salt on. This part of the story tells of a cold and harsh sea, that is, one that has value and mystery as well as death and danger. It has commercial value as well as the population of life in it. It is dark and treacherous though, and every day there is a challenge. A similar story tells about a tidal pool with life called `Cannery Road'. This part of the story has to deal with figures of Christ. It mainly deals with Santiago as being a figure of Christ and other characters as props, that is, characters which carry out the form of biblical themes. On the day before he leaves when he wakes up, Manolin, his helper, comes to his aid with food and drink. Also a point that might be good is that he has had bad luck with his goal for a great period of time and is sure it will work this time. Later, though, when Santiago needs him for the quest he sets out to do, Manolin deserts him, although he may not have wanted to at this time. In the novel Santiago comes upon a force bigger than his skiff, the marlin which misleads him out far past his intended reach. This is where he starts to lose his strength against something which seems a greater force. Santiago has a struggle of three days, which is significent because of the three days in Easter, and continues to fight on though his goal may not aquire anything. This is another idea through which Christ did, a struggle to get a goal done even though it may mean certain destruction to himself. This might accomplish nothing but the satisfaction of doing this and also has great risks. Finally he comes upon a painful experience with his hand which is in great pain and won't move. This is useful in the place where Christ loses his physical self and has less to deal with. On the third day, he recovers himself and returns to his home even though his only remaining treasure was a broken skiff, experience, and a torn up marlin. And in the final conclusion, you can see him dragging the mast of his skiff, a cross-like object, in his hand. This story has a certain sequence of events, first it has a hunter vs. his prey. This hunter does respect th e prey. Throughout the book it has this series of events: encounter, battle, defeat, and respect for the prey. This is Hemmingway's `Code of Honor'. This part of the novel has to do with relationships between two characters. The first to discuss are Santiago and Manolin, Manolin being the small follower of the old man named Santiago. Manolin is a small person that follows Santiago and listens to his wisdom. They treat each other unfriendly though for Manolin calls the Santiago'old man' and he calls Manolin `boy' which seems to be absurd. In that situation I would consider both of them to go see a doctor. The next relationship to talk about would be that between Santiago and the village, which seems to be much better. He is given credit for food and he also is waiting to show his greatness to the villageby catching a great fish as soon as he can. His thought on that, though, is that any fisherman can ctach it during the easy season but only a few can go out and catch one during the

Foreign Etiquette Essay Research Paper Etiquette for free essay sample

Foreign Etiquette Essay, Research Paper Etiquette for Greetings and Business Card games As we do concern in other states and as we receive business peoples from other states in our American offices, it is of import to cognize how to recognize people and how to show our concern cards. The salutation is the beginning of the concern interaction ; if it goes good, we create a positive feeling that will function as a foundation for our concern treatments. Business Card games The ultimate passport in today s planetary economic system is the concern card. It identifies your company and makes it easier for international people to understand your name. Rank and profession in other states are taken much more earnestly so they are in the United States. For every state in which you travel, have your concern card information in English on one side and in the linguistic communication of the peculiar state on the other side. We will write a custom essay sample on Foreign Etiquette Essay Research Paper Etiquette for or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Include your name, place rubric, your company name and reference, and your facsimile and telephone Numberss. In European and North American states, the concern card may be presented with either manus. In Southeast Asia, Africa, and the Middle East, neer present the card with your left manus ; the left manus is considered dirty. Greetings Your first opportunity to do an feeling is when you greet person and exchange names. In America, we tend to be formal but that does non intend we should be careless. Professional, societal, and household positions are really of import in many civilizations. If you say or do something, which is wrong, you can pique others and abash yourself. Always use a formal salutation when you meet people from other civilizations. Never address them by their first names unless they ask you to make so. In European and North American states, recognize the individual with a steadfast handshaking, good oculus contact, and the pronunciation of the last name with the courtesy rubric Mrs. Moschler. In Latin American states, recognize a individual with a light handshaking and possibly an embracing. Remember that most peoples names are a combination of their male parent s and female parent s names. Merely a female parent s name is use in conversation. So, Carlos Mendoza-Zamora would be addressed as Senor Mendoza. The French besides greet one another with a light handshaking ; the steadfast U.S.-type handshaking is thought to be impolite. By and large, adult females do non agitate custodies. Young people and close friends will often interchange kissed on both cheeks in add-on to the handshaking. And the Gallic frequently shake custodies in departing. In the Orient, the Chinese system presents the family name foremost and the given name last ; for illustration, Wang Xiansheng would be addressed as Mr. Wang. However, if the Chinese are utilizing English, they will normally set their family names last as is done in the United States. When you greet Chinese people, agitate custodies and turn to them by their family names with a courtesy rubric. For India and Thailand, a salutation consists of seting your custodies together in a prayer-like place, keeping them about thorax high, and so blowing somewhat. In India, this is called NAMASTE ; in Thailand, it is called Wai. Peoples are addressed by their family names with the appropriate courtesy rubric. In Assalaamualaikum ( Peace be upon you ) and Waalaikum assalaam ( And peace be upon you ) . Work force may agitate custodies ; nevertheless, retrieve that you should non agitate custodies, snog, or encompass a member of the opposite sex. Homework You can see how easy it could be to diss person or embarrass yourself as you meet and greet people. Please make your prep before you travel. Fix your concern cards and analyze the imposts. We want to construct relationships based upon regard for other civilizations.

Free Essays on Flat Tire

Outline Jessica Reczek Topic: How to change a flat tire Specific Purpose: To inform the audience how to change a flat tire Central Idea: The five steps of how to change a tire include safety, loosening the lug nuts, jacking up the vehicle, putting on the spare tire, and lowering the car. Organizational Pattern: Chronological I. Introduction: You jump in your car headed for the airport to catch a plane bound for Hawaii. You get halfway there, and all of a sudden, your car begins to feel weird. . . it’s not handling like it should. You pull off to the side of the highway, and to your horror you have a flat tire. Ok, no big deal you have this nice cell phone. You can call for help. . . Oh, but where did you put it, rats. . . You left it on the dresser while hastily packing for your trip. Now what do you do? You’ve never changed a tire in your life. So you reach for the owners manual and you begin your first tire changing experience which includes safety, loosening the lug nuts, jacking up the vehicle, putting on the spare tire, and lowering the car. II. Body A. Choose your spot well. 1. Safely out of the flow of traffic. 2. Stop the car on a level spot. B. Loosen the lug nuts 1. Remove the hubcap if necessary. 2. Sometimes the lug nuts are difficult to loosen. a. try jumping on lug wrench (quote) b. don’t remove lug nuts, only loosen them C. Jack up the vehicle. 1. The jack contacts the car at a small plate. 2. Extend the jack until tire is six inches off ground. 3. Remove lug nuts from bolts set them aside. a. located behind front tires, front rear tires b. position jack under frame, raise until contact c. pull tire straight and off car D. Put on the spare tire. 1. Position the spare tire directly in front of tire. 2. Lift spare and position it on bolts. 3. Replace lug nuts on the bolts and tighten them. a. align holes with bolts on car b. push tire onto car until it can... Free Essays on Flat Tire Free Essays on Flat Tire Outline Jessica Reczek Topic: How to change a flat tire Specific Purpose: To inform the audience how to change a flat tire Central Idea: The five steps of how to change a tire include safety, loosening the lug nuts, jacking up the vehicle, putting on the spare tire, and lowering the car. Organizational Pattern: Chronological I. Introduction: You jump in your car headed for the airport to catch a plane bound for Hawaii. You get halfway there, and all of a sudden, your car begins to feel weird. . . it’s not handling like it should. You pull off to the side of the highway, and to your horror you have a flat tire. Ok, no big deal you have this nice cell phone. You can call for help. . . Oh, but where did you put it, rats. . . You left it on the dresser while hastily packing for your trip. Now what do you do? You’ve never changed a tire in your life. So you reach for the owners manual and you begin your first tire changing experience which includes safety, loosening the lug nuts, jacking up the vehicle, putting on the spare tire, and lowering the car. II. Body A. Choose your spot well. 1. Safely out of the flow of traffic. 2. Stop the car on a level spot. B. Loosen the lug nuts 1. Remove the hubcap if necessary. 2. Sometimes the lug nuts are difficult to loosen. a. try jumping on lug wrench (quote) b. don’t remove lug nuts, only loosen them C. Jack up the vehicle. 1. The jack contacts the car at a small plate. 2. Extend the jack until tire is six inches off ground. 3. Remove lug nuts from bolts set them aside. a. located behind front tires, front rear tires b. position jack under frame, raise until contact c. pull tire straight and off car D. Put on the spare tire. 1. Position the spare tire directly in front of tire. 2. Lift spare and position it on bolts. 3. Replace lug nuts on the bolts and tighten them. a. align holes with bolts on car b. push tire onto car until it can...

Critical Process Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Critical Process Paper - Essay Example We were so glad to get all these opportunities that forgot to find out how these processes are made and how are they regulated inside. Lack of privacy and absolute absence of safety appeared as a real drawback of the Internet. When we write a letter to a friend we make sure that the envelope is sealed and that no one will have the possibility to open it and to read it. When we send an e-mail we can hardly guess who will have a chance to look it through because the mechanism seems complicated and incomprehensible. Up to the events described in â€Å"United States of Secrets† Internet users believed that their Internet activity was safe from intrusion. But it was just an illusion: it turned out that everything created and sent online is monitored, collected, and analyzed, and the most creepy is the fact that it is done by the government which is supposed to protect and take care of its citizens. The film â€Å"United States of Secrets† showed how far the authorities can g o in preventing terrorism, how easily the principles of freedom granted by constitution can be violated. â€Å"United States of America† revealed that the administrations of the former and the present presidents deceived and continue to lie to people intentionally to hide their illegal operations. This documentary is the story of the lost privacy and inability of different branches of power to work coherently and consistently. Moreover, â€Å"United States of America† is the story that raises this question and draws wide public to the discussion of the issues of mass surveillance, Internet safety and privacy. The central to the understanding of the whole concept of surveillance is the existence of the person named Edward Snowden. A lot of people heard about him and about things that he has done, but â€Å"United States of Secrets† explained the degree of risk he was subjected to and the nature of his actions in detail.